Problems and difficulties of African States
In most African States appeared bloated, unprofessional and inefficient bureaucracy. When amorphous social structures remained the only organized force army. The result - endless military coups. Dictators who came to power, appropriated the untold wealth. Capital Mobutu, President of the Congo, at the time of his fall was $ 7 billion economy to operate poorly, and this gave room for "destructive" of the economy: production and distribution of narcotics, illegal mining of gold and diamonds, and even human trafficking. Africa's share in world GDP and its share in world exports has declined, output per capita declined.
Statehood extremely complicated absolutely artificial state boundaries. Africa received their inherited from the colonial past. They are installed in the division of the continent into spheres of influence and have little in common with ethnic boundaries. Established in 1963, the Organization of African Unity, aware that any attempt to fix this or that boundaries can lead to unpredictable consequences, called on to treat these inviolable borders, no matter how unjust they are. But these borders still become a source of ethnic conflict and displacement of millions of refugees.
The main economic sector in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is designed to provide food and serve the population base of raw materials for manufacturing industries. It occupied the major part of the working population of the region, created the bulk of aggregate national income. In many States in Tropical Africa Agriculture occupies a leading position in exports, providing a significant flow of foreign exchange earnings. In the last decade with the growth of industrial production there is a disturbing picture, suggesting that the actual de-industrialization of the region. If the 1965-1980 years, they (on average per year) amounted to 7,5%, the 80-ies of only 0,7% drop in growth rates occurred in the 80 years in the mining and manufacturing otraslyah4. For several reasons, a special role in the socio-economic development of the region belongs to the mining industry, but this production is declining annually by 2%. A characteristic feature of development in sub-Saharan Africa - poor development of manufacturing industry. Only a very small group of countries (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Senegal), its share in GDP reaches or exceeds 20%.
Integration Processes
A characteristic feature of the integration process in Africa is a high degree of institutionalization. Currently, the continent about 200 economic associations at various levels, scales and orientation. But from the perspective of the research of sub-identity and its relationship to national and ethnic identity of interest are the functioning of major organizations such as the West African Economic Community (ECOWAS), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), and so n . The extremely low efficiency of their activities in the previous decade and the advent of globalization require a sharp acceleration of integration processes in a qualitatively different level. Economic cooperation is developing a new - compared with 70 - ties - conditions contradictory interaction of economic globalization and the increasing marginalization of the African position within its framework, and naturally, in another coordinate system. Integration is no longer seen as a tool and basis for the formation of a self-sufficient and self-developing economy with self-reliance and in opposition to the imperialist West. The approach is different, which, as mentioned above, is integration as ways and means to enable African countries in a globalizing world economy, as well as the momentum and the rate of economic growth and development in general.