Africa

Categories

• Origin of name
• Prehistory
• North Africa
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Colonization of Africa
• The period of colonial administration
• The decolonization of Africa
• Geography
• Fauna and flora
• African Union
• The total economic-geographic characteristics of Africa
• Problems and difficulties of African States
• Population
• Languages
• Education
• Literature
• Cinema

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Languages

   Autochthonous languages of Africa are divided into 32 families, of which 3 (Semitic, Indo-European and Austronesian) entered on the continent from other regions.

   Also, there are 7 and 9 isolated unclassified languages. The most popular age-old African languages are Bantu languages (Swahili, Congo), Fula.

   Indo-European languages have spread, due to the era of colonial administration: English, Portuguese, French are the official languages in many countries. In Namibia, since the beginning of XX century. live in compact community, speaking in German as the principal. The only language related to Indo-European family, originating on the continent - is Afrikaans, one of the 11 official South African languages. Also, community Afrikaans speakers live in other countries in Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia. It should be noted, however, that after the fall of apartheid in South Africa, Afrikaans replaced by other languages (English and local African). The number of its speakers and the scope is reduced.

   Spoken language afroziyskoy sakrosemi language - Arabic - used in North, West and East Africa as the first and second language. Many African languages (Hausa, Swahili) include a significant number of drawings from the Arab (primarily in the layers of political, religious vocabulary, abstract concepts).

   Austronesian languages are Malagasy language, spoken by the population of Madagascar Malagasy - the people of Austronesian origin, presumably trapped here in II-V centuries AD.

   For residents of the African continent is characterized by the possession by several languages, which are used in various household situations. For example, a representative of a small ethnic group preserves its own language, can use local language in the family circle and in communion with their own members, the regional ethnic languages (Lingala in the DRC, Sango in the CAR, the Hausa in Nigeria, the Bambara in Mali) to communicate with representatives of other ethnic groups, and the state language (usually European) to communicate with the authorities and other similar situations. This linguistic property can only be limited ability to speak (the literacy rate in sub-Saharan Africa in 2007 amounted to approximately 50% of the total population).